ISBN: 9781157422396

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Chlorine-37, Chlorine-36, Chlorine-35, Chlorine-34m, Chlorine-38m, Chlorine-28, Chlorine-29, Chlorine-30, Chlorine-31, Chlorine-32, Chlorine-33, Chlorine-39, Chlorine-40, Chlorine-41, Chlorine-42, Chlorine-43, Chlorine-44, Chlorine-45, Chlorine-46, Chlorine-47, Chlorine-48, Chlorine-49, Chlorine-50, Chlorine-51. Excerpt: Chlorine (Cl) has isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 32 g mol to 40 g mol. There are two principal stable isotopes, Cl (75.77%) and Cl (24.23%), found in the relative proportions of 3:1 respectively, giving chlorine atoms in bulk an apparent atomic weight of 35.5.Standard atomic mass: 35.453(2) u Trace amounts of radioactive Cl exist in the environment, in a ratio of about 7x10 to 1 with stable isotopes. Cl is produced in the atmosphere by spallation of Ar by interactions with cosmic ray protons. In the subsurface environment, Cl is generated primarily as a result of neutron capture by Cl or muon capture by Ca. Cl decays to S and to Ar, with a combined half-life of 308,000 years. The half-life of this hydrophilic nonreactive isotope makes it suitable for geologic dating in the range of 60,000 to 1 million years. Additionally, large amounts of Cl were produced by irradiation of seawater during atmospheric detonations of nuclear weapons between 1952 and 1958. The residence time of Cl in the atmosphere is about 1 week. Thus, as an event marker of 1950s water in soil and ground water, Cl is also useful for dating waters less than 50 years before the present. Cl has seen use in other areas of the geological sciences, forecasts, and elements. . More: http://booksllc. net/?id=2527070 Books Isotopes-of-Chlorine~~Books-LLC General Books LLC<