Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures - Taschenbuch

This textbook contains a wealth of information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquid and solid matter, including liquid helium. The major part of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively style and practical basis of this text make it easy to read and particularly useful to anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Low-temperature scientisits will find it of great value due to its extensive compilation of materials data and relevant new results from thermometry and materials properties as well as many additional references. Problems are included as well. In addition, this edition also describes newly developed low temperature experimentation techniques and new materials properties. TOC:Introduction.- Properties of Cryoliquids.- Solid Matter at Low Temperatures.- Thermal Contact and Thermal Isolation.- Helium-4 Cryostats.- Helium-3 Cryostats.- The 3HE- 4HE Dilution Refrigerator.- Refrigeration by Solidification of Liquid 3HE: Pomeranchuck Cooling.- Refrigeration by Adiabatic Demagnetization of a Paramagnetic Salt.- Refrigeration by Adiabatic Nuclear Demagnetization.- Temperature Scales and Temperature Fixed Points.- Low-Temperature Thermometry.- Miscellaneous Cryogenic Design Aids and New Developments